Evaluación de estrategias de implantación del Proyecto Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados en España / Evaluation of implementation strategies of the Best Practices Spotlight Organisations (BPSO) Project in Spain

OBJETIVO: Identificar elementos favorecedores y barreras de implantación en el Programa de Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados® que instauran guías de práctica clínica de la Registered Nurse' Association of Ontario, con el fin de que experiencias futuras pudieran beneficiarse de las apreciaciones expuestas. MÉTODO: Estudio de investigación evaluativa del proceso de implantación de guías en instituciones que componen las dos primeras cohortes del programa en España, mediante análisis de contenido de memorias de implantación y proceso inductivo, lectura, interpretación, codificación y categorización según estructura DAFO: debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado memorias e informes de 18 centros de 12 Comunidades Autónomas, entre los cuales implantan 22 guías distintas. Como debilidades, destacan por frecuencia e intensidad, problemas relacionados con sistemas de información y su explotación. Se exponen otros elementos relacionados con difusión de resultados, profesionales, cuidados y factores relativos a la institución. Sobresalen como amenazas, la inestabilidad de plantillas y cambios continuados en la alta dirección o políticas corporativas. Entre las fortalezas, se distinguen la dedicación exclusiva de personal al proyecto y su vinculación a objetivos institucionales. Y por último, se identifica como oportunidades, destacan la posibilidad de comparación estandarizada de resultados propios con ajenos, así como la difusión de resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: Se configura un patrón útil para el abordaje de implantación en otras realidades, donde el cambio en la cultura profesional, su formación, comunicación y liderazgo, así como alinear intereses de gestores y políticos, facilitan unas condiciones ideales para la práctica basada en la evidencia

OBJECTIVE: To identify favourable elements and barriers to implementation in the Program of Best Practice Spotlight Organization® that establish clinical practice guidelines of the Registered Nurse' Association of Ontario, so that future experiences could benefit from the assessments presented here. METHOD: Evaluation research study of the process of implementing guidelines in institutions that make up the first two cohorts of the programme in Spain, through analysis of contents of implantation reports and inductive process, reading, interpretation, coding and categorized according to SWOT structure: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. RESULTS: Reports from 18 centres in 12 Autonomous Communities have been analyzed, including 22 different guidelines. As weaknesses, problems related to information systems and their exploitation stand out for frequency and intensity. Other elements related to dissemination of results, to professionals, care and factors related to the institution are presented. Standing out as threats are the instability of staff and continued changes in Senior Management or corporate policies. Among the strengths, the exclusive dedication of personnel to the project and its link to institutional objectives are distinguished. As opportunities, the possibility of standardized comparison of own results with others, as well as the dissemination of results are highlighted. CONCLUSION: A useful pattern is set up to approach implementation in other scenarios, where changes in professional culture, training, communication and leadership, as well as aligning interests of managers and politicians, facilitate ideal conditions for Evidence-Based Practice

Translation, cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability study of the Quick-EBP-VIK instrument: Chinese version.

RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: Valid and reliable instruments for measuring are needed. To add knowledge to the subject of tools of evidence-based practice (EBP) evaluation in mainland China, the present study aims to translate the Quick-EBP-VIK into Chinese, which is an instrument for the assessment of nurses' value, knowledge, and implementation of EBP, and to evaluate the metric characteristics of the Chinese version. METHODS: In this methodological study, a total sample of 402 nurses from mainland China was applied. Construct validity was evaluated by using factor analysis and further supported through known-group validity. A panel of experts examined the content validity. Internal consistency was determined using composite reliability and Cronbach alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure model same to the original instrument. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model with a comparative fit index of 0.957 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.065. Significant differences were found in the item means of the tool between nurses who received EBP training and those who had not, which supported the known-group validity. The Cronbach alpha and composite reliability for the three subscales were all higher than 0.70. The ICC ranged from 0.569 to 0.928 for the three subscales and from 0.494 to 0.903 for the items included in the instrument. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the Quick-EBP-VIK has evidence of acceptable reliability and validity and can be used to measure value, knowledge, and implementation of EBP for Chinese nurses.

The NMC has to look beyond England, says Janet Finch.

The Nursing and Midwifery Council is a 4-country regulator. Our remit covers Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England, which is reflected in the membership of our council and many of our activities.

Contexto escolar e hábitos miccionais: estudo transversal com escolares do distrito federal / Contexto escolar y hábitos miccionales: estudio transversal con escolares del distrito federal / School setting and voiding habits: a cross-sectional study among school-aged children from the federal district

RESUMO Estudo transversal realizado em oito escolas públicas e particulares do Riacho Fundo,(Distrito Federal),com escolares deseis a 12 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de ida e permissão para uso do toalete na escola, sob a perspectiva do escolar, assim como mensurar a taxa de ocorrência e o impacto da experiência de ter tido alguma vez na vida um evento de perda urinária no contexto escolar. A coleta de dados incluiu entrevista por meio de perguntas-chave desenvolvidas pelas pesquisadoras. A análise dos dados incluiu técnicas básicas de análise exploratória de dados como,frequência absoluta e relativa, calculadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Das 86 crianças participantes da pesquisa, 73% (n=63) relataram irtodos os dias ao toalete escolar, ao passo que as que afirmam não utilizar o toalete apontaram como justificativas a falta de vontade, a falta de papel higiênico nos toaletes e a falta de privacidade ou problema com as portas. Quanto à permissão para o uso do toalete, 66% (n=57) afirmaram poder ir sempre que tivessem vontade. A experiência de perda urinária na escola foi relatada por17 (20%) crianças e apresentou impacto altamente negativo sob a perspectiva do escolar.

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio transversal en 8 escuelas públicas y privadas del Riacho Fundo (Distrito Federal) con escolares de 6 a 12 años que tuvo como objetivo evaluar la frecuencia de idas y permiso al baño en la escuela bajo la perspectiva del escolar, así como medir la tasa de ocurrencia y el impacto de la experiencia de haber tenido alguna vez en la vida pérdida urinaria en el contexto escolar. La recolección de datos incluyó entrevistas con preguntas claves desarrolladas por los investigadores. El análisis de datos incluyó las técnicas básicas de análisis exploratorio de datos como la frecuencia absoluta y relativa, calculada utilizando el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. De los 86 niños participantes, el 73% (n = 63) informaron ir todos los días al baño de la escuela, las justificaciones para no ir fueron falta de voluntad, la falta de papel higiénico y la falta privacidad o problemas con las puertas. En referencia al uso del baño, el 66% (n = 57) dijo que podían ir cuando tuviesen necesidad. La experiencia de pérdida urinaria en la escuela fue reportada por 17 (20%) niños y presentó un impacto muy negativo desde la perspectiva del escolar.

ABSTRACT This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 8 public and private schools of Riacho Fundo (Federal District), with children between 6 and 12 years old, that aimed to evaluate their frequency of going to the school restroom and permission to use it from the children's perspective, as well as to measure the rate of occurrence and impact of the experience of having had some once in a lifetime urinary leakage in the school setting. Data collection included interviews with key questions developed by the researchers. Data analysis included basic techniques of exploratory data analysis such as absolute and relative frequencies calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. Out of 86 participating children, 73% (n = 63) reported going every day to the school restroom while those reporting not going pointed out reasons as they did not need to, lack of toilet paper, and lack of privacy or problems with the stalls' doors. Regarding permission to use the restroom, 66% (n = 57) stated being allowed to go whenever they needed. The experience of urinary incontinence at school was reported by 17 (20%) children and presented as a highly negative impact from their perspective.

Identifying Patterns in Implementation of Hospital Pressure Ulcer Prevention Programs: A Multisite Qualitative Study.

PURPOSE: To describe the presence or absence of key components of hospital pressure ulcer (PU) prevention programs in 6 acute care hospitals. DESIGN: Multisite comparative case study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Using purposeful selection based on PU rates (high vs low) and hospital size, 6 hospitals within the Veterans Health Administration health care system were invited to participate. Key informant interviews (n = 48) were conducted in each of the 6 participating hospitals among individuals playing key roles in PU prevention: senior nursing leadership (n = 9), nurse manager (n = 7), wound care specialist (n = 6), frontline RNs (n = 26). METHODS: Qualitative data were collected during face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Interview protocols were tailored to each interviewee's role with a core set of common questions covering 3 major content areas: (1) practice environment (eg, policies and wound care specialists), (2) current prevention practices (eg, conduct of PU risk assessment and skin inspection), and (3) barriers to PU prevention. We conducted structured coding of 5 key components of PU prevention programs and cross-case analysis to identify patterns in operationalization and implementation of program components across hospitals based on facility size and PU rates (low vs high). RESULTS: All hospitals had implemented all PU prevention program components. Component operationalization varied considerably across hospitals. Wound care specialists were integral to the operationalization of the 4 other program components examined; however, staffing levels and work assignments of wound care specialists varied widely. Patterns emerged among hospitals with low and high PU rates with respect to wound care specialist staffing, data monitoring, and staff education. CONCLUSION: We found hospital-level variations in PU prevention programs. Wound care specialist staffing may represent a potential point of leverage in achieving other PU program components, particularly performance monitoring and staff education.

Trabajo final de grado y plan de acción tutorial en el curriculum del grado en enfermería. Diseño, desarrollo y evaluación / Final project degree and tutorial action plan in the curriculum of the degree in nursing. Design, development and evaluation

La acción tutorial (PAT), en los estudios universitarios de Enfermería, se halla en el centro de la acción docente del profesorado. El tutor/a orienta en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la preparación del Trabajo Final de Grado (TFG). En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la investigación realizada con tutores y estudiantes, que tiene por objetivo evaluar el diseño y desarrollo del TFG, los resultados académicos y su vivencia y experiencia. Diseño mixto cuantitativo descriptivo y cualitativo de investigación acción participación. Muestra total de 124 estudiantes de 4º curso de Grado Enfermería y 37 tutores del TFG. Técnicas de recogida de datos: resultados académicos y evaluativos; 3 grupos focales con estudiantes y profesores; 3 entrevistas semiestructuradas abiertas a estudiantes. Los resultados constatan que las tipologías más elegidas fueron revisiones bibliográficas (38,75%) y Planes de cuidados (24,2%). El 63,9 % de la temática escogida es Enfermería Maternal, Pediátrica y Clínica. Estudiantes y tutores viven con dificultad la elaboración del TFG y se requiere una mayor cultura tutorial. Es un proceso complejo de organización y coordinación que, sin embargo, permite un trabajo colaborativo de todo el equipo docente (AU)

The Tutorial Action Plan (PAT) in the University School of Nursing, is central to the teaching action of professors. The tutor orients in the learning process and the preparation of the Final Degree Project (TFG). In this paper we present the results of research conducted with tutors and students, which aims to evaluate the design and development of the TGF, academic results and their experience and expertise. A descriptive qualitative and quantitative joint design of research and participation. A total sample of 124 students of 4th year in the nursing degree and 37 TGF tutor. Data collection techniques: Academic and evaluation results; 3 focus groups with students and professors; three semi-structured interviews open to students. Results indicate that the most commonly chosen typologies were literary reviews (38.75%) and care plans (24.2%). 63.9% of the chosen topics include Maternal, Pediatric and Clinical Nursing. Students and tutors struggle to develop the TGF and greater tutorial culture is required. It is a complex process of organization and coordination which, however, allows collaborative work of the entire faculty (AU)

Factors associated with nursing students' medication competence at the beginning and end of their education.

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, deficiencies in nursing students' medication competence have been highlighted. However, the focus of research has been limited especially to medication calculation competence and factors associated with it. In order to develop undergraduate nursing education and research, an understanding of the individual and learning environmental factors associated with medication competence from a broader approach is warranted. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the theoretical, practical and decision-making competence of nursing students and to identify factors associated with their medication competence at the beginning and end of their education. METHODS: We used a descriptive, correlational study design with a structured instrument including a set of potential associated factors, knowledge test, medication calculation test and patient vignettes. The participants were nursing students at the beginning (n = 328) and at the end of their education (n = 338). Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the evaluation of theoretical medication competence, the students' mean score over the semesters was 72 % correct answers in a knowledge test. In the evaluation of practical medication competence, the mean score was 74 % correct answers in a medication calculation test. In the evaluation of decision-making competence, the mean score was 57 % correct answers on deciding the best action in the situation given in patient vignettes. At the end of their education, students were able to solve patient vignettes significantly better. Individual factors were most evidently associated with medication competence. At the beginning of their education, students' previous academic success had a stronger association with medication competence. However, at the end of the education students' abilities in self-regulated learning and study motivation were more significant factors. CONCLUSION: The core elements of medication competence are significantly interrelated, highlighting the need to provide integrated and comprehensive medication education throughout the undergraduate education. Students' learning style is associated with medication competence. There is a need for methods to identify and support students having difficulties to self-regulate their learning. To increase the safety of medication care of patients, research focusing on the development of effective teaching methods is needed. This study produced information for future nursing education research in this field, especially for interventional studies.

Transitioning from Departments to Schools of Nursing: A Qualitative Analysis of Journeys by Ten Deans.

Transitioning from a department to a school of nursing creates an environment that is more conducive to attracting qualified faculty and enhancing program growth to meet the projected nursing workforce needs. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed limited research to guide nursing programs considering this transition. This qualitative study explored the conditions and outcomes associated with successful or unsuccessful attempts to transition from a department to school of nursing from the perspective of 10 deans affiliated with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). Meleis' transitions theory (2010) guided this study in its exploration of facilitating and inhibiting conditions. With institutional review board approval and participant permission, interviews were conducted in-person or by telephone, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were independently reviewed and coded for emerging themes. Content analysis revealed the following themes: titles matter, support is essential, voice at the table, buy-in or dissension, it just brings nursing to totally different level, think differently, and legitimizing your position. For these deans, consideration of the facilitating and inhibiting conditions is critical in determining whether decisions are favorable and in support of the transition. Developing an understanding from the experiences of these 10 deans offers guidance to nursing academic administrators who are contemplating transitioning from a department to a school of nursing. Future research is needed to explore conditions relative to faculty governance and infrastructure, examine the experiences of those undergoing transitions, and expand study findings to develop a self-study guide for programs in assessing their readiness for such a transition.

Evolución de la Revista ROL de Enfermería (1978-2008). Un análisis bibliográfico / Evolution of Revista ROL de Enfermería (1978-2008): a bibliographic analysis

Revista ROL de Enfermería fue la primera revista de profesionales de la enfermería dirigida a la enfermería, publicada con el nacimiento de la democracia española e indexada muy pronto en MEDLINE/PubMed. Esta comunicación analiza los cambios producidos en la estructura y función de la revista. Destacan dos hechos: que ROL expresa la transformación de la nueva enfermería universitaria y que la revista se fue adaptando progresivamente a las normas establecidas por la ciencia: aunque no incrementó la proporción de artículos originales, normalizó su estructura, el patrón bibliográfico o de citas, así como el estilo de escritura científica (AU)

Revista ROL de Enfermería was the first journal of nurses and adressed to nursing published with the birth of Spanish democracy, indexed soon Medline/PubMed. This paper analyzes the changes in the structure and function of the magazine. Highlights two facts. The journal ROL expresses the transformation of the new universitary nursing, and how was adapting to scientific standards: although not increased the number of original articles, was normalizing their structure, bibliography or citations pattern, and also the scientific writing style (AU)

Gender Bias in Nurse Evaluations of Residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

PURPOSE: We examined the evaluations given by nurses to obstetrics and gynecology residents to estimate whether gender bias was evident. BACKGROUND: Women receive more negative feedback and evaluations than men-from both sexes. Some suggest that, to be successful in traditionally male roles such as surgeon, women must manifest a warmth-related (communal) rather than competence-related (agentic) demeanor. Compared with male residents, female residents experience more interpersonal difficulties and less help from female nurses. We examined feedback provided to residents by female nurses. METHODS: We examined Professional Associate Questionnaires (2006-2014) using a mixed-methods design. We compared scores per training year by gender using Mann-Whitney and linear regression adjusting for resident and nurse cohorts. Using grounded theory analysis, we developed a coding system for blinded comments based on principles of effective feedback, medical learners' evaluation, and impression management. χ examined the proportions of negative and positive and communal and agentic comments between genders. RESULTS: We examined 2,202 evaluations: 397 (18%) for 10 men and 1,805 (82%) for 34 women. Twenty-three compliments (eg, "Great resident!") were excluded. Evaluations per training year varied: men n=77-134; women n=384-482. Postgraduate year (PGY)-1, PGY-2, and PGY-4 women had lower mean ratings (P<.035); when adjusted, the difference remained significant in PGY-2 (MWomen=1.5±0.6 compared with MMen=1.7±0.5; P=.001). Postgraduate year-1 women received disproportionately fewer positive and more negative agentic comments than PGY-1 men (positive=17.3% compared with 40%, negative=17.3% compared with 3.3%, respectively; P=.041). CONCLUSION: Evidence of gender bias in evaluations emerged; albeit subtle, women received harsher feedback as lower-level residents than men. Training in effective evaluation and gender bias management is warranted.

Reliability and validity testing of the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument for use in the NCSBN National Simulation Study.

AIM: The Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument (CCEI) was modified from an existing instrument, the Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument, for use in the National Council of States Boards of Nursing National Simulation Study (NCSBN NSS). BACKGROUND: The CCEI was developed for the NCSBN NSS for use as the evaluation instrument for both simulation and traditional clinical experiences in associate and baccalaureate nursing programs. METHOD: Five nursing programs assisted with reliability and validity testing of the CCEI. Using a standardized validation questionnaire, faculty rated the CCEI on its ability to accurately measure student performance and clinical competency. Videos scripted at three levels of performance were used to test reliability. RESULTS: Content validity ranged from 3.78 to 3.89 on a four-point Likert-like scale. Cronbach's alpha was > .90 when used to score three different levels of simulation performance. CONCLUSION: The CCEI is useful for evaluating both the simulation and traditional clinical environments.

Dificultades y oportunidades para la enfermería: una revisión narrativa sobre evaluación económica en salud / Difficulties and chances for nursing: a narrative review about the economic evaluation in health

Revisión narrativa sobre evaluación económica en salud que tuvo como objetivo identificar los estudios desarrollados sobre el tema en los últimos diez años. Fue utilizado el descriptor costo y análisis de costos en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS y CAPES. Fueron encontradas 88 publicaciones y seleccionadas 65, de las cuales 44,62% pertenecían a la base LILACS, 44,62% a MEDLINE, 4,60% a IBECS y 6,16% a CAPES. 75,38% eran sobre evaluación parcial de costos y 24,62% sobre evaluación económica. La medicina fue la sub-área que más publicó (41,54%), considerando los dos tipos de metodologías; seguida por la enfermería, que solo publicó sobre evaluación parcial de costos (15,38%). El enfermero como herramienta administrativa dentro de la Institución de Salud, necesita buscar conocimientos sobre este segmento de la economía, reconociendo su papel como agente transformador y buscar el equilibrio entre calidad, cantidad y costos en el momento de decidir cómo distribuir los recursos financieros disponibles (AU)

It is a narrativre review about the economic evaluation in health which had as an objective to identify the developed studies about the topic in the last ten years. The expenses and cost analysis descriptors were used at the data bases: LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS AND CAPES. 88 publications were found and 65 were selected, from which the 44’62% belonged to the database LILACS, the 44’62% to MEDLINE, 4’6% to IBECS and to CAPES. The 75’38% were about the partial assessment of expenses and the 24’62% about the economic assessment. The medicine was the sub-area that published (41’54%), considering the two types of methodologies; followed by the nursing, which only published about partial evaluation of expenses (15’38%). The nurse as an administrative tool in the Health Institution, needs to look for the knowledge about this segment of the economy, recognizying his role as a transformator agent and looking for the balance betewwen quality, quantity and expenses when deciding how to distribute the available financial resources (AU)

[How to quantify the qualitative aspects of nursing outcomes classification scales with psychosociocultural indicators]. / Cómo cuantificar los aspectos cualitativos en escalas de clasificación de resultados NOC para etiquetas psico-socioculturales.

Working necessarily with Likert scales to measure Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) outcomes has the advantage of unification, but also presents difficulty in reducing the rating from 1 to 5, especially when the research is qualitative and thus includes the use of words and expressions, as well as observations and perceptions. What exactly does a score of 2 or 3 mean with regard to the NOC Health beliefs? In this paper, we make a number of different proposals for operationalizing concepts and transforming them to numbers; however, it should be noted that such proposals always end in a quantitative analysis. Thus, we propose the use of emic/etic qualitative observations for psychosocial and cultural indicators, following ethnographic principles. Basic and applied research on nursing languages must have correct methodological foundations and seek to satisfy the same criteria of methodological suitability as any other research.

"The midwifery two-step": a study on evidence-based midwifery practice.

INTRODUCTION: To date, there has been little documentation of how practice-based midwifery networks in the United States might influence the transfer and development of knowledge in childbearing and women's health care. The first phase of this participatory action research project was to conduct a qualitative study with a community of midwifery practices to understand their perspectives on evidence-based practice and how an organized network could facilitate their work. METHODS: Midwives within the community of interest were invited by letter or e-mail to participate in individual or small group interviews about knowledge transfer, primary concerns of evidence-based practice, and potential for a midwifery practice-based research network. Participatory action research strategies and organizational ethnographic approaches to data collection were used to guide qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Eight midwifery practices enrolled in the study with 23 midwives participating in interviews. They attended births at 2 hospitals in the community. Two broad areas of discourse about evidence-based practice were identified: 1) challenges from influential persons, finances and resources, and the cultural perception of midwifery, and 2) strategies to foster best practice in the face of those challenges. The midwives believed a research network could be useful in learning collectively about their practices and in the support of their work. DISCUSSION: Evidence-based practice is a goal but also has many challenges in everyday implementation. Practice-based research networks hold promise to support clinicians to examine the evidence and form strong coalitions to foster best clinical practice. The second phase of this study will work with this community of midwives to explore collective strategies to examine and improve practice.

Assessing confidence in triage decision making: evaluation of an inventory in a sample of navy and civilian nurses.

Triage decision making and prioritizing nursing care are essential nursing skills in all clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Triage Decision Making Inventory in a sample of Navy and civilian nurses with diverse clinical specialties and years of clinical experience. Establishing reliability and validity allows staff development educators to evaluate training strategies that promote confidence in decision making among nurses of all specialty practices.

Credentialing: understanding the terms.

Credentialing is an umbrella term that encompasses several categories, many of which have an impact when considering professional development for registered nurses. This column identifies select categories within the credentialing domain.

Assessment of clinical judgment in nursing orientation: time well invested.

There is a correlation between patient safety and nursing orientation. The authors discuss a mixed-method study that supports the efficacy of using a competency-based process to assess knowledge and judgment skills of registered nurses in a community hospital. This assessment is the backbone of the competency-based orientation.

Effectiveness of a computer based medication calculation education and testing programme for nurses.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an on-line, medication calculation education and testing programme. The outcome measures were medication calculation proficiency and self efficacy. This quasi-experimental study involved the administration of questionnaires before and after nurses completed annual medication calculation testing. The study was conducted in two hospitals in south-east Queensland, Australia, which provide a variety of clinical services including obstetrics, paediatrics, ambulatory, mental health, acute and critical care and community services. Participants were registered nurses (RNs) and enrolled nurses with a medication endorsement (EN(Med)) working as clinicians (n=107). Data pertaining to success rate, number of test attempts, self-efficacy, medication calculation error rates and nurses' satisfaction with the programme were collected. Medication calculation scores at first test attempt showed improvement following one year of access to the programme. Two of the self-efficacy subscales improved over time and nurses reported satisfaction with the online programme. Results of this study may facilitate the continuation and expansion of medication calculation and administration education to improve nursing knowledge, inform practise and directly improve patient safety.